Monday, August 27, 2012

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Ticker tape reading

See the main article: Ticker tape
In recent decades with the popularity of PCs and later the internet, and through them, the electronic trading, the chart analysis became the main and most popular branch of technical analysis. But it is not the only one branch of this type of analysis.
One very popular form of technical analysis until the mid-1960s was the "tape reading". It was consisted in reading the market informations as price, volume, orders size, speed, conditions, bids for buying and selling, etc; printed in a paper strip which ran through a machine called a stock ticker. It was sent to the brokerage houses and to the homes and offices of most active speculators. Such a system fell into disuse with the advent in the late 60's, of the eletronic panels.Ticker tape was the earliest digital electronic communications medium, transmitting stock price information over telegraph lines, in use between around 1870 through 1970. It consisted of a paper strip which ran through a machine called a stock ticker, which printed abbreviated company names as alphabetic symbols followed by numeric stock transaction price and volume information. The term "ticker" came from the sound made by the machine as it printed.
Paper ticker tape started to become obsolete in the 1960s, as television and computers were increasingly used to transmit financial information. The concept of the stock ticker lives on, however, in the scrolling electronic tickers seen on brokerage walls and on financial television networks.
Ticker tape was invented in 1867 by Edward A. Calahan, an employee of the American Telegraph Company.Stock ticker machines are an ancestor of the modern computer printer, being one of the first applications of transmitting text over a wire to a printing device, based on the printing telegraph. This used the technology of the then-recently invented telegraph machines, with the advantage that the output was readable text, instead of the dots and dashes of Morse code. A special typewriter designed for operation over telegraph wires was used at the opposite end of the telegraph wire connection to the ticker machine. Text typed on the typewriter was displayed on the ticker machine at the opposite end of the connection.
The machines printed a series of ticker symbols (usually shortened forms of a company's name), followed by brief information about the price of that company's stock; the thin strip of paper they were printed on was called ticker tape. As with all these terms, the word ticker comes from the distinct tapping (or ticking) noise the machines made while printing. Pulses on the telegraph line made a letter wheel turn step by step until the right letter or symbol was reached and then printed. A typical 32-symbol letter wheel had to turn on average 15 steps until the next letter could be printed resulting in a very slow printing speed of 1 letter per second.[6] In 1883, ticker transmitter keyboards resembled the keyboard of a piano with black keys indicating letters and the white keys indicating numbers and fractions, corresponding to two rotating type wheels in the connected ticker tape printers.[7]
Newer and more efficient tickers became available in the 1930s and 1960s but the physical ticker tape phase was quickly coming to a close being followed by the electronic phase. These newer and better tickers still had an approximate 15-to-20-minute delay. Stock ticker machines became obsolete in the 1960s, replaced by computer networks; none have been manufactured for use for decades. However, working reproductions of at least one model are now being manufactured for museums and collectors.[citation needed] It was not until 1996 that a ticker type electronic device was produced that could operate in true real time.
Simulated ticker displays, named after the original machines, still exist as part of the display of television news channels and on some World Wide Web pages—see news ticker. One of the most famous displays is the simulated ticker located at One Times Square in New York City.
Ticker tapes then and now contain generally the same information. The ticker symbol is a unique set of characters used to identify the company. The shares traded is the volume for the trade being quoted. Price traded refers to the price per share of a particular trade.

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Binary options are high risk financial instruments where a prediction is made regarding the price of an asset at a certain period of the day. The predictions made relate to very small price modifications, which are extremely hard to predict, hence the high risk factor.
In finance, a binary option is a type of option where the payoff is either some fixed amount of some asset or nothing at all. The two main types of binary options are the cash-or-nothing binary option and the asset-or-nothing binary option. The cash-or-nothing binary option pays some fixed amount of cash if the option expires in-the-money while the asset-or-nothing pays the value of the underlying security. Thus, the options are binary in nature because there are only two possible outcomes. They are also called all-or-nothing options, digital options (more common in forex/interest rate markets), and Fixed Return Options (FROs) (on the American Stock Exchange). Binary options are usually European-style options.
For example, a purchase is made of a binary cash-or-nothing call option on XYZ Corp's stock struck at $100 with a binary payoff of $1000. Then, if at the future maturity date, the stock is trading at or above $100, $1000 is received. If its stock is trading below $100, nothing is received.
In the popular Black-Scholes model, the value of a digital option can be expressed in terms of the cumulative normal distribution function.Non exchange-traded binary options

Binary options contracts have long been available Over-the-counter (OTC), i.e. sold directly by the issuer to the buyer. They were generally considered "exotic" instruments and there was no liquid market for trading these instruments between their issuance and expiration. They were often seen embedded in more complex option contracts.
Since mid-2008 binary options web-sites called binary option trading platforms have been offering a simplified version of exchange-traded binary options. It is estimated that around 90 such platforms (including white label products) have been in operation as of January 2012, offering options on some 125 underlying assets.
[edit]Exchange-traded binary options

In 2007, the Options Clearing Corporation proposed a rule change to allow binary options,[1] and the Securities and Exchange Commission approved listing cash-or-nothing binary options in 2008.[2] In May 2008, the American Stock Exchange (Amex) launched exchange-traded European cash-or-nothing binary options, and the Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE) followed in June 2008. The standardization of binary options allows them to be exchange-traded with continuous quotations.
Amex offers binary options on some ETFs and a few highly liquid equities such as Citigroup and Google.[3] Amex calls binary options "Fixed Return Options"; calls are named "Finish High" and puts are named "Finish Low". To reduce the threat of market manipulation of single stocks, Amex FROs use a "settlement index" defined as a volume-weighted average of trades on the expiration day.[4] The American Stock Exchange and Donato A. Montanaro submitted a patent application for exchange-listed binary options using a volume-weighted settlement index in 2005.[5]
CBOE offers binary options on the S&P 500 (SPX) and the CBOE Volatility Index (VIX).[6] The tickers for these are BSZ[7] and BVZ,[8] respectively. CBOE only offers calls, as binary put options are trivial to create synthetically from binary call options. BSZ strikes are at 5-point intervals and BVZ strikes are at 1-point intervals. The actual underlying to BSZ and BVZ are based on the opening prices of index basket members.
Both Amex and CBOE listed options have values between $0 and $1, with a multiplier of 100, and tick size of $0.01, and are cash settled.[6][9]
In 2009 Nadex, the North American Derivatives Exchange, launched and now offers a suite of binary options vehicles.[10] Nadex binary options are available on a range Stock Index Futures, Spot Forex, Commodity Futures, and Economic Events.

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In finance, a stock market index future is a cash-settled futures contract on the value of a particular stock market index.
Contents  [hide]
1 Market
2 Uses
3 Pricing
4 See also
5 Notes
[edit]Market

The turnover for the global market in exchange-traded equity index futures is notionally valued, for 2008, by the Bank for International Settlements at USD 130 trillion[1].
[edit]Uses

Stock index futures are used for hedging, trading, and investments.
Hedging using stock index futures could involve hedging against a portfolio of shares or equity index options.
Trading using stock index futures could involve, for instance, volatility trading (The greater the volatility, the greater the likelihood of profit taking – usually taking relatively small but regular profits).
Investing via the use of stock index futures could involve exposure to a market or sector without having to actually purchase shares directly.
Please note the following cases of equity hedging with index futures:
Where your portfolio 'exactly' reflects the index (this is unlikely). Here, your portfolio is perfectly hedged via the index future.
Where your portfolio does not entirely reflect the index (this is more likely to be the case). Here, the degree of correlation between the underlying asset and the hedge is not high. So, your portfolio is unlikely to be 'fully hedged'.
Equity index futures and index options tend to be in liquid markets for close to delivery contracts. They trade for cash delivery, usually based on a multiple of the underlying index on which they are defined (for example £10 per index point).
OTC products are usually for longer maturities, and are usually a form of options product. For example, the right but not the obligation to cash delivery based on the difference between the designated strike price, and the value of the designated index at the expiration date. These are traded in the wholesale market, but are often used as the basis of guaranteed equity products, which offer retail buyers a participation if the equity index rises over time, but which provides guaranteed return of capital if the index falls. Sometimes these products can take the form of exotic options (for example Asian options or Quanto options).
[edit]Pricing

Forward prices of equity indices are calculated by computing the cost of carry of holding a long position in the constituent parts of the index. This will typically be
The risk-free interest rate, since the cost of investing in the equity market is the loss of interest
Minus the estimated dividend yield on the index, since an equity investor receives the sum of the dividends on the component stocks. Since these occur at different times, and are difficult to predict, estimation of the forward price can be difficult, particularly if there are not many stocks in the chosen index.
Indices for futures are the well-established ones, such as S&P 500, FTSE, DAX, CAC40 and other G12 country indices. Indices for OTC products are broadly similar, but offer more flexibility.

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The derivatives market is the financial market for derivatives, financial instruments like futures contracts or options, which are derived from other forms of assets.
The market can be divided into two, that for exchange-traded derivatives and that for over-the-counter derivatives. The legal nature of these products is very different as well as the way they are traded, though many market participants are active in both.Futures exchanges, such as Euronext.liffe and the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, trade in standardized derivative contracts. These are options contracts and futures contracts on a whole range of underlying products. The members of the exchange hold positions in these contracts with the exchange, who acts as central counterparty. When one party goes long (buys a futures contract), another goes short (sells). When a new contract is introduced, the total position in the contract is zero. Therefore, the sum of all the long positions must be equal to the sum of all the short positions. In other words, risk is transferred from one party to another. The total notional amount of all the outstanding positions at the end of June 2004 stood at $53 trillion. (source: Bank for International Settlements (BIS): [1]). That figure grew to $81 trillion by the end of March 2008 .Over-the-counter markets

Tailor-made derivatives, not traded on a futures exchange are traded on over-the-counter markets, also known as the OTC market. These consist of investment banks who have traders who make markets in these derivatives, and clients such as hedge funds, commercial banks, government sponsored enterprises, etc. Products that are always traded over-the-counter are swaps, forward rate agreements, forward contracts, credit derivatives, accumulators etc. The total notional amount of all the outstanding positions at the end of June 2004 stood at $220 trillion. (source: BIS: [3]). By the end of 2007 this figure had risen to $596 trillion and in 2009 it stood at $615 trillion. (source: BIS: [4])
[edit]Netting

Global:
US: Figures below are from SECOND QUARTER, 2008 [5]
Total derivatives (notional amount): $182.2 trillion (SECOND QUARTER, 2008)
Interest rate contracts: $145.0 trillion (80%)
Foreign exchange contracts: $18.2 trillion(10%)
2008 Second Quarter, banks reported trading revenues of $1.6 billion
Total number of commercial banks holding derivatives: 975
[6]
According to Bank for International Settlements "$516 trillion at the end of June 2007"
Positions in the OTC derivatives market have increased at a rapid pace since the last triennial survey was undertaken in 2004. Notional amounts outstanding of such instruments totalled $516 trillion at the end of June 2007, 135% higher than the level recorded in the 2004 survey (Graph 4). This corresponds to an annualised compound rate of growth of 33%, which is higher than the approximatively 25% average annual rate of increase since positions in OTC derivatives were first surveyed by the BIS in 1995. Notional amounts outstanding provide useful information on the structure of the OTC derivatives market but should not be interpreted as a measure of the riskiness of these positions. Gross market values, which represent the cost of replacing all open contracts at the prevailing market prices, have increased by 74% since 2004, to $11 trillion at the end of June 2007.

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A financial future is a futures contract on a short term interest rate (STIR). Contracts vary, but are often defined on an interest rate index such as 3-month sterling or US dollar LIBOR.
They are traded across a wide range of currencies, including the G12 country currencies and many others.
Some representative financial futures contracts are:
United States
90-day Eurodollar *(IMM)
1 mo LIBOR (IMM)
Fed Funds 30 day (CBOT)
Europe
3 mo Euribor (Euronext.liffe)
90-day Sterling LIBOR (Euronext.liffe)
Euro Sfr (Euronext.liffe)
Asia
3 mo Euroyen (TIF)
90-day Bank Bill (SFE)
where
IMM is the International Money Market of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange
CBOT is the Chicago Board of Trade
TOCOM is the Tokyo Commodity Exchange
SFE is the Sydney futures exchange
As an example, consider the definition of the International Money Market (IMM) eurodollar interest rate future, the most widely and deeply traded financial futures contract.
There are four contracts per year: March, June, September, December (plus serial months)
They are listed on a 10 year cycle. Other markets only extend about 2–4 years.
Last Trading Day is the second London business day preceding the third Wednesday of the contract month
Delivery Day is cash settlement on the third Wednesday.
The minimum fluctuation (Commodity tick size) is half a basis point or 0.005%.
Payment is the difference between the price paid for the contract (in ticks) multiplied by the "tick value" of the contract which is $12.50 per tick.
Before the Last Trading Day the contract trades at market prices. The Final Settlement Price is the British Bankers Association (BBA) percentage rate for Three–Month Eurodollar Interbank Time Deposits, rounded to the nearest 1/10000th of a percentage point at 11:00 London time on that day, subtracted from 100. (Expressing financial futures prices as 100 minus the implied interest rate was originally intended to make the contract price behave similarly to a Bond price in that an increase in price corresponds to a decrease in yield).
Financial futures are extensively used in the hedging of interest rate swaps.


Saturday, August 25, 2012

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Exchanges
Contracts on financial instruments were introduced in the 1970s by the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) and these instruments became hugely successful and quickly overtook commodities futures in terms of trading volume and global accessibility to the markets. This innovation led to the introduction of many new futures exchanges worldwide, such as the London International Financial Futures Exchange in 1982 (now Euronext.liffe), Deutsche Terminbörse (now Eurex) and the Tokyo Commodity Exchange (TOCOM). Today, there are more than 90 futures and futures options exchanges worldwide trading to include: [6]
CME Group (formerly CBOT and CME) -- Currencies, Various Interest Rate derivatives (including US Bonds); Agricultural (Corn, Soybeans, Soy Products, Wheat, Pork, Cattle, Butter, Milk); Index (Dow Jones Industrial Average); Metals (Gold, Silver), Index (NASDAQ, S&P, etc.)
IntercontinentalExchange (ICE Futures Europe) - formerly the International Petroleum Exchange trades energy including crude oil, heating oil, gas oil (diesel), refined petroleum products, electric power, coal, natural gas, and emissions
NYSE Euronext - which absorbed Euronext into which London International Financial Futures and Options Exchange or LIFFE (pronounced 'LIFE') was merged. (LIFFE had taken over London Commodities Exchange ("LCE") in 1996)- softs: grains and meats. Inactive market in Baltic Exchange shipping. Index futures include EURIBOR, FTSE 100, CAC 40, AEX index.
South African Futures Exchange - SAFEX
Sydney Futures Exchange
Tokyo Stock Exchange TSE (JGB Futures, TOPIX Futures)
Tokyo Commodity Exchange TOCOM
Tokyo Financial Exchange - TFX - (Euroyen Futures, OverNight CallRate Futures, SpotNext RepoRate Futures)
Osaka Securities Exchange OSE (Nikkei Futures, RNP Futures)
London Metal Exchange - metals: copper, aluminium, lead, zinc, nickel, tin and steel
IntercontinentalExchange (ICE Futures U.S.) - formerly New York Board of Trade - softs: cocoa, coffee, cotton, orange juice, sugar
New York Mercantile Exchange CME Group- energy and metals: crude oil, gasoline, heating oil, natural gas, coal, propane, gold, silver, platinum, copper, aluminum and palladium
Dubai Mercantile Exchange
Korea Exchange - KRX
Singapore Exchange - SGX - into which merged Singapore International Monetary Exchange (SIMEX)
ROFEX - Rosario (Argentina) Futures Exchange
NCDEX - National Commodity and Derivatives Exchange, India
[edit]Codes
Most Futures contracts codes are four characters. The first two characters identify the contract type, the third character identifies the month and the last character is the last digit of the year.
Third (month) futures contract codes are
January = F
February = G
March = H
April = J
May = K
June = M
July = N
August = Q
September = U
October = V
November = X
December = Z
Example: CLX0 is a Crude Oil (CL), November (X) 2010 (0) contract.[7]

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Relationship between arbitrage arguments and expectation
The expectation based relationship will also hold in a no-arbitrage setting when we take expectations with respect to the risk-neutral probability. In other words: a futures price is martingale with respect to the risk-neutral probability. With this pricing rule, a speculator is expected to break even when the futures market fairly prices the deliverable commodity.
[edit]Contango and backwardation
The situation where the price of a commodity for future delivery is higher than the spot price, or where a far future delivery price is higher than a nearer future delivery, is known as contango. The reverse, where the price of a commodity for future delivery is lower than the spot price, or where a far future delivery price is lower than a nearer future delivery, is known as backwardation.
[edit]Futures contracts and exchanges

Contracts
There are many different kinds of futures contracts, reflecting the many different kinds of "tradable" assets about which the contract may be based such as commodities, securities (such as single-stock futures), currencies or intangibles such as interest rates and indexes. For information on futures markets in specific underlying commodity markets, follow the links. For a list of tradable commodities futures contracts, see List of traded commodities. See also the futures exchange article.
Foreign exchange market
Money market
Bond market
Equity market
Soft Commodities market
Trading on commodities began in Japan in the 18th century with the trading of rice and silk, and similarly in Holland with tulip bulbs. Trading in the US began in the mid 19th century, when central grain markets were established and a marketplace was created for farmers to bring their commodities and sell them either for immediate delivery (also called spot or cash market) or for forward delivery. These forward contracts were private contracts between buyers and sellers and became the forerunner to today's exchange-traded futures contracts. Although contract trading began with traditional commodities such as grains, meat and livestock, exchange trading has expanded to include metals, energy, currency and currency indexes, equities and equity indexes, government interest rates and private interest rates.

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Expiry (or Expiration in the U.S.) is the time and the day that a particular delivery month of a futures contract stops trading, as well as the final settlement price for that contract. For many equity index and interest rate futures contracts (as well as for most equity options), this happens on the third Friday of certain trading months. On this day the t+1 futures contract becomes the t futures contract. For example, for most CME and CBOT contracts, at the expiration of the December contract, the March futures become the nearest contract. This is an exciting time for arbitrage desks, which try to make quick profits during the short period (perhaps 30 minutes) during which the underlying cash price and the futures price sometimes struggle to converge. At this moment the futures and the underlying assets are extremely liquid and any disparity between an index and an underlying asset is quickly traded by arbitrageurs. At this moment also, the increase in volume is caused by traders rolling over positions to the next contract or, in the case of equity index futures, purchasing underlying components of those indexes to hedge against current index positions. On the expiry date, a European equity arbitrage trading desk in London or Frankfurt will see positions expire in as many as eight major markets almost every half an hour.
[edit]Pricing

When the deliverable asset exists in plentiful supply, or may be freely created, then the price of a futures contract is determined via arbitrage arguments. This is typical for stock index futures, treasury bond futures, and futures on physical commodities when they are in supply (e.g. agricultural crops after the harvest). However, when the deliverable commodity is not in plentiful supply or when it does not yet exist - for example on crops before the harvest or on Eurodollar Futures or Federal funds rate futures (in which the supposed underlying instrument is to be created upon the delivery date) - the futures price cannot be fixed by arbitrage. In this scenario there is only one force setting the price, which is simple supply and demand for the asset in the future, as expressed by supply and demand for the futures contract.
[edit]Arbitrage arguments
Arbitrage arguments ("Rational pricing") apply when the deliverable asset exists in plentiful supply, or may be freely created. Here, the forward price represents the expected future value of the underlying discounted at the risk free rate—as any deviation from the theoretical price will afford investors a riskless profit opportunity and should be arbitraged away.

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The Initial Margin requirement is established by the Futures exchange, in contrast to other securities Initial Margin (which is set by the Federal Reserve in the U.S. Markets).
A futures account is marked to market daily. If the margin drops below the margin maintenance requirement established by the exchange listing the futures, a margin call will be issued to bring the account back up to the required level.
Maintenance margin A set minimum margin per outstanding futures contract that a customer must maintain in his margin account.
Margin-equity ratio is a term used by speculators, representing the amount of their trading capital that is being held as margin at any particular time. The low margin requirements of futures results in substantial leverage of the investment. However, the exchanges require a minimum amount that varies depending on the contract and the trader. The broker may set the requirement higher, but may not set it lower. A trader, of course, can set it above that, if he does not want to be subject to margin calls.
Performance bond margin The amount of money deposited by both a buyer and seller of a futures contract or an options seller to ensure performance of the term of the contract. Margin in commodities is not a payment of equity or down payment on the commodity itself, but rather it is a security deposit.
Return on margin (ROM) is often used to judge performance because it represents the gain or loss compared to the exchange’s perceived risk as reflected in required margin. ROM may be calculated (realized return) / (initial margin). The Annualized ROM is equal to (ROM+1)(year/trade_duration)-1. For example if a trader earns 10% on margin in two months, that would be about 77% annualized.
[edit]Settlement - physical versus cash-settled futures

Settlement is the act of consummating the contract, and can be done in one of two ways, as specified per type of futures contract:
Physical delivery - the amount specified of the underlying asset of the contract is delivered by the seller of the contract to the exchange, and by the exchange to the buyers of the contract. Physical delivery is common with commodities and bonds. In practice, it occurs only on a minority of contracts. Most are cancelled out by purchasing a covering position - that is, buying a contract to cancel out an earlier sale (covering a short), or selling a contract to liquidate an earlier purchase (covering a long). The Nymex crude futures contract uses this method of settlement upon expiration
Cash settlement - a cash payment is made based on the underlying reference rate, such as a short term interest rate index such as Euribor, or the closing value of a stock market index. The parties settle by paying/receiving the loss/gain related to the contract in cash when the contract expires.[5] Cash settled futures are those that, as a practical matter, could not be settled by delivery of the referenced item - i.e. how would one deliver an index? A futures contract might also opt to settle against an index based on trade in a related spot market. ICE Brent futures use this method.

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text courtesy of Wikipedia
To minimize credit risk to the exchange, traders must post a margin or a performance bond, typically 5%-15% of the contract's value.
To minimize counterparty risk to traders, trades executed on regulated futures exchanges are guaranteed by a clearing house. The clearing house becomes the buyer to each seller, and the seller to each Buyer, so that in the event of a counterparty default the clearer assumes the risk of loss. This enables traders to transact without performing due diligence on their counterparty.
Margin requirements are waived or reduced in some cases for hedgers who have physical ownership of the covered commodity or spread traders who have offsetting contracts balancing the position.
Clearing margin are financial safeguards to ensure that companies or corporations perform on their customers' open futures and options contracts. Clearing margins are distinct from customer margins that individual buyers and sellers of futures and options contracts are required to deposit with brokers.
Customer margin Within the futures industry, financial guarantees required of both buyers and sellers of futures contracts and sellers of options contracts to ensure fulfillment of contract obligations. Futures Commission Merchants are responsible for overseeing customer margin accounts. Margins are determined on the basis of market risk and contract value. Also referred to as performance bond margin.
Initial margin is the equity required to initiate a futures position. This is a type of performance bond. The maximum exposure is not limited to the amount of the initial margin, however the initial margin requirement is calculated based on the maximum estimated change in contract value within a trading day. Initial margin is set by the exchange.
If a position involves an exchange-traded product, the amount or percentage of initial margin is set by the exchange concerned.
In case of loss or if the value of the initial margin is being eroded, the broker will make a margin call in order to restore the amount of initial margin available. Often referred to as “variation margin”, margin called for this reason is usually done on a daily basis, however, in times of high volatility a broker can make a margin call or calls intra-day.
Calls for margin are usually expected to be paid and received on the same day. If not, the broker has the right to close sufficient positions to meet the amount called by way of margin. After the position is closed-out the client is liable for any resulting deficit in the client’s account.
Some U.S. exchanges also use the term “maintenance margin”, which in effect defines by how much the value of the initial margin can reduce before a margin call is made. However, most non-US brokers only use the term “initial margin” and “variation margin”.
The Initial Margin requirement is established by the Futures exchange, in contrast to other securities Initial Margin (which is set by the Federal Reserve in the U.S. Markets).
A futures account is marked to market daily. If the margin drops below the margin maintenance requirement established by the exchange listing the futures, a margin call will be issued to bring the account back up to the required level.
Maintenance margin A set minimum margin per outstanding futures contract that a customer must maintain in his margin account.

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text courtesy of Wikipedia
In finance, a futures contract is a standardized contract between two parties to buy or sell a specified asset of standardized quantity and quality for a price agreed today (the futures price or strike price) with delivery and payment occurring at a specified future date, the delivery date. The contracts are negotiated at a futures exchange, which acts as an intermediary between the two parties. The party agreeing to buy the underlying asset in the future, the "buyer" of the contract, is said to be "long", and the party agreeing to sell the asset in the future, the "seller" of the contract, is said to be "short". The terminology reflects the expectations of the parties—the buyer hopes or expects that the asset price is going to increase, while the seller hopes or expects that it will decrease in near future.
In many cases, the underlying asset to a futures contract may not be traditional commodities at all – that is, for financial futures the underlying asset or item can be currencies, securities or financial instruments and intangible assets or referenced items such as stock indexes and interest rates.
While the futures contract specifies a trade taking place in the future, the purpose of the futures exchange institution is to act as intermediary and minimize the risk of default by either party. Thus the exchange requires both parties to put up an initial amount of cash, the margin. Additionally, since the futures price will generally change daily, the difference in the prior agreed-upon price and the daily futures price is settled daily also (variation margin). The exchange will draw money out of one party's margin account and put it into the other's so that each party has the appropriate daily loss or profit. If the margin account goes below a certain value, then a margin call is made and the account owner must replenish the margin account. This process is known as marking to market. Thus on the delivery date, the amount exchanged is not the specified price on the contract but the spot value (since any gain or loss has already been previously settled by marking to market).
A closely related contract is a forward contract. A forward is like a futures in that it specifies the exchange of goods for a specified price at a specified future date. However, a forward is not traded on an exchange and thus does not have the interim partial payments due to marking to market. Nor is the contract standardized, as on the exchange.
Unlike an option, both parties of a futures contract must fulfill the contract on the delivery date. The seller delivers the underlying asset to the buyer, or, if it is a cash-settled futures contract, then cash is transferred from the futures trader who sustained a loss to the one who made a profit. To exit the commitment prior to the settlement date, the holder of a futures position can close out its contract obligations by taking the opposite position on another futures contract on the same asset and settlement date. The difference in futures prices is then a profit or loss.

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text courtesy of Wikipedia
Retail foreign exchange trading is a small segment of the large foreign exchange market. In 2007 it had been speculated that volume from retail foreign exchange trading represents 5 percent of the whole foreign exchange market which amounts to $50–100 billion[1][2] in daily trading turnover. The retail foreign exchange market has been growing. In general retail customers are able to trade spot currencies. Due to the increasing tendency in the past years of the gradual shift from traditional intrabank 'paper' trading to the more advanced and accurate electronic trading, there has been spur in software development in this field. This change provided different types of trading platforms and tools intended for the use by banks, portfolio managers, retail brokers and retail traders.
One of the most important tools required to perform a foreign exchange transaction is the trading platform providing retail traders and brokers with accurate currency quotes.
Contents  [hide]
1 History and new developments
2 Peer-to-peer trading systems
3 Banks
4 See also
5 References
[edit]History and new developments

Since 1996, when retail foreign exchange trading was first introduced, several brokers who lacked the sufficient tools developed their own trading platforms tailored specifically to their needs. The 1st retail FX brokers were MG Forex, The Matchbook FX ECN, GFT, CMC Markets, Saxo Bank (then known as Midas) and a handful of others. Most except CMC, Saxo & Matchbook FX were based on the ACT foreign exchange trading technology and GUI. These platforms were good enough at the time but required constant investments in research and development and this development cost too much. This was the first wave.[citation needed]
The second wave was in the early 2000s: several software companies entered the retail foreign exchange trading market by launching their own versions of trading platforms, like Apbg Group, Ctn Systems and MetaTrader 4 from MetaQuotes Software which allowed the users to create their own trading indicators and automatic strategies. Typically these versions were cumbersome for both front-end users (retail traders) and back-end users (retail brokers) due to the misunderstanding of the developers about the foreign exchange market and also because of the insufficient programming tools/languages at the time. Simultaneously most of the retail brokers kept using and developing their own systems as they waited for better platforms which were yet to be developed.
It is only in the last couple of years that the advanced trading platforms started to emerge. Platforms like Multicharts and cTrader put much stronger emphasis on the user interface (GUI) making it more accessible to the retail traders while making trading on it very simple and intuitive. Platforms started to focus on social networking as a way to attract new users, after the emergence of Facebook, Twitter and other social media networks. Social trading has been growing intensely in the last years, especially after platforms like Currensee, Zecco.com, eToro or FXStat appeared.
Moreover, a very strong emphasis was put on the back-end which allowed the retail brokers better control over their operations, better reporting and accurate system and ways to manage marketing campaigns.[citation needed]
Gradually this wave is replacing the previous second wave with a major shift now to the friendlier and more intuitive systems of the third wave which according to Aite Group are necessary in order to maintain growth.[3]

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text courtesy of Wikipedia
Crude oil benchmarks, also known as oil markers, were first introduced in the mid-1980s. There are three primary benchmarks, WTI, Brent Blend, and Dubai. Other well-known blends include the Opec basket used by OPEC, Tapis Crude which is traded in Singapore, Bonny Light used in Nigeria and Mexico's Isthmus. Energy Intelligence Group publishes a handbook which identified 195 major crude streams or blends in its 2011 edition[1].[2]Benchmarks are used because there are many different varieties and grades of crude oil.[3] Using benchmarks makes referencing types of oil easier for sellers and buyers.There is always a spread between WTI, Brent and other blends due to the transportation cost. For example if the US is the net consumer of Brent, WTI will be more expensive than Brent because it has to have the same price, if shipping is included.
Contents  [hide] West Texas Intermediate is used primarily in the U.S. It is light (API gravity) and sweet (low-sulfur) thus making it ideal for producing products like low-sulfur gasoline and low-sulfur diesel. Brent is not as light or as sweet as WTI but it is still a high-grade crude. The OPEC basket is slightly heavier and more sour than Brent. As a result of these gravity and sulfur differences, WTI typically trades at a dollar or two premium to Brent and another dollar or two premium to the OPEC basket.[4]
In 2011 and 2012, WTI has been trading at a significant discount to Brent.Brent BlendBrent Crude is used primarily in Europe and the OPEC market basket, used around the world. This benchmark is a mix of crude oil from 15 different oil fields in the North Sea.[2][edit]Dubai and OmanDubai Crude is also known as Fateh is produced in the Emirate of Dubai, part of the United Arab Emirates.[5] Dubai's only refinery, at Jebel Ali, takes condensates as feedstocks, and therefore all of Dubai's crude production is exported. For many years it was the only freely traded oil in the Middle East, but gradually a spot market has developed in Omani crude as well.
For many years, most of the oil producers in the Middle East have taken the monthly spot price average of Dubai and Oman as the benchmark for sales to the Far East (WTI and Brent futures prices are used for exports to the Atlantic Basin). In July 2007, a potential new mechanism arose in the form of the Dubai Mercantile Exchange, which offers futures contracts in Omani crude. Whether the DME will be successful, and whether Omani futures prices will be adopted by producers and buyers as a benchmark, remain to be seen.Contracts Because of its excellent liquidity and price transparency, the contract is used as a principal international pricing benchmark.The first futures contracts on crude oil were traded in 1983, with the Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT) and the New York Mercantile Exchange (Nymex) both attempting to take advantage of the government's de-regulation of crude oil. CBOT's initial contracts had delivery problems, so customers abandoned it for Nymex. [6]Crude oil became the world's most actively traded commodity, and the NYMEX Division light sweet crude oil futures contract becoming the world's most liquid form for crude oil trading, as well as the world's largest-volume futures contract trading on a physical commodity. Additional risk management and trading opportunities are offered through options on the futures contract; calendar spread options; crack spread options on the pricing differential of heating oil futures and crude oil futures and gasoline futures and crude oil futures; and average price options.

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text courtesy of Wikipedia
High-frequency trading has taken place at least since 1999, after the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) authorized electronic exchanges in 1998. At the turn of the 21st century, HFT trades had an execution time of several seconds, whereas by 2010 this had decreased to milli- and even microseconds.[18] Until recently, high-frequency trading was a little-known topic outside the financial sector, with an article published by the New York Times in July 2009 being one of the first to bring the subject to the public's attention.[19]
[edit]Market growth
In the early 2000s, high-frequency trading still accounted for less than 10% of equity orders, but this proportion was soon to begin rapid growth. According to data from the NYSE, trading volume grew by about 164% between 2005 and 2009 for which high-frequency trading might be accounted.[19] As of the first quarter in 2009, total assets under management for hedge funds with high-frequency trading strategies were $141 billion, down about 21% from their peak before the worst of the crises.[20] The high-frequency strategy was first made successful by Renaissance Technologies.[21] Many high-frequency firms are market makers and provide liquidity to the market which has lowered volatility and helped narrow Bid-offer spreads, making trading and investing cheaper for other market participants.[20] In the United States, high-frequency trading firms represent 2% of the approximately 20,000 firms operating today, but account for 73% of all equity orders volume.[22] The largest high-frequency trading firms in the US include names like Getco LLC, Knight Capital Group, Jump Trading, and Citadel LLC. The Bank of England estimates similar percentages for the 2010 US market share, also suggesting that in Europe HFT accounts for about 40% of equity orders volume and for Asia about 5-10%, with potential for rapid growth.[18] By value, HFT was estimated in 2010 by consultancy Tabb Group to make up 56% of equity trades in the US and 38% in Europe.[23]
[edit]High-frequency trading strategies

High-frequency trading is quantitative trading that is characterized by short portfolio holding periods (see Wilmott (2008)). All portfolio-allocation decisions are made by computerized quantitative models. The success of high-frequency trading strategies is largely driven by their ability to simultaneously process volumes of information, something ordinary human traders cannot do. Specific algorithms are closely guarded by their owners and are known as "algos".
Most high-frequency trading strategies fall within one of the following trading strategies:[24]
Market making
Ticker tape trading
Event arbitrage
High-frequency statistical arbitrage
 External

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Stop losing money on bad trades or when program tradhing and high frequency trading happens. Old technical anaylis is gone. The stock market moves fast and your old charts and indicators probably can not keep up.Get the best get Binaryforecast.com and Sceeto.com.  In conjunction with the order flow monitor alerts on screen as well as Macdaddy the middle indicator the move up was also caught. Remember these indicators are real time indicators and some moves are caught before they happen as Momentum lags price and price lags order flow so once you can see the order flow you are already ahead of the game.You can get free signals by signing up for a free trial. These are perfect for trading binary options or spreadbetting or normal points based trading systems. Sceeto helps you win more trades plain and simple.You can get a free trial to Sceeto by visting http://www.sceeto.com. You can also monitor WIND free at http://www.binaryforecast.com and also get free live Binary trading signals.



text courtesy of wikipedia
An automated trading system (ATS) is a computer trading program that automatically submits trades to an exchange. As of the year 2010 more than 70% of the stock shares traded on the NYSE and NASDAQ are generated from automated trading systems.[citation needed] They are designed to trade stocks, futures and forex based on a predefined set of rules which determine when to enter a trade, when to exit it and how much to invest in it.
An example of an early ATS is Instinet. This allows traders to input trades invisibly to the market, with a crossing price determined by a VWAP measure. Instinet also enables anonymous conversations and negotiations to take place between bidders, and so reduces informational costs to the participants.
Trading system designers / programmers often test their automated trading systems on historical or current market data in order to determine whether the underlying algorithm guiding the system is profitable or not. Backtesting software are special trading platforms which enable trading system designer to develop and test their trading systems on historical market data while aiming to produce optimal historical results.High-frequency trading (HFT) is the use of sophisticated technological tools to trade securities like stocks or options, and is typically characterized by several distinguishing features:[1][2][3]
It is highly quantitative, employing computerized algorithms to analyze incoming market data and implement proprietary trading strategies;
An investment position is held only for very brief periods of time - from seconds to hours - and rapidly trades into and out of those positions, sometimes thousands or tens of thousands of times a day;[4]
At the end of a trading day there is no net investment position;
It is mostly employed by proprietary firms or on proprietary trading desks in larger, diversified firms;
It is very sensitive to the processing speed of markets and of their own access to the market;
Many high-frequency traders provide liquidity and price discovery to the markets through market-making and arbitrage trading; high-frequency traders also take liquidity to manage risk or lock in profits.
Positions are taken in equities, options, futures, ETFs, currencies, and other financial instruments that can be traded electronically.[5]
High-frequency traders compete on a basis of speed with other high-frequency traders, not long-term investors (who typically look for opportunities over a period of weeks, months, or years), and compete for very small, consistent profits.[6][7] As a result, high-frequency trading has been shown to have a potential Sharpe ratio (measure of reward per unit of risk) thousands of times higher than the traditional buy-and-hold strategies.[8]
Aiming to capture just a fraction of a penny per share or currency unit on every trade, high-frequency traders move in and out of such short-term positions several times each day.

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Stop losing money on bad trades or when program tradhing and high frequency trading happens. Old technical anaylis is gone. The stock market moves fast and your old charts and indicators probably can not keep up.Get the best get Binaryforecast.com and Sceeto.com.  In conjunction with the order flow monitor alerts on screen as well as Macdaddy the middle indicator sudden moves are caught. Remember these indicators are real time indicators and some moves are caught before they happen as Momentum lags price and price lags order flow so once you can see the order flow you are already ahead of the game.You can get free signals by signing up for a free trial. These are perfect for trading binary options or spreadbetting or normal points based trading systems. Sceeto helps you win more trades plain and simple.You can get a free trial to Sceeto by visting http://www.sceeto.com. You can also monitor WIND free at http://www.binaryforecast.com and also get free live Binary trading signals.




Text Courtesy Of Wikipedia
MultiCharts is a Windows-based application which is designed, sold and distributed by MultiCharts, LLC. The company is based in Columbus, Ohio, in the United States. [1] MultiCharts is an automated trading platform and technical analysis software for analyzing the financial markets and performing trade execution. It uses a proprietary programming language called PowerLanguage.Etymology

The term 'trading platform' is generally used to avoid confusion with ‘trading system’ which is more often associated with the trading method or strategy rather than the computer system used to execute orders within financial circles.[1]
[edit]Historic development

The first electronic trading platforms were typically associated with stock exchanges and allowed brokers to place orders remotely using private dedicated networks and dumb terminals. Early systems would not always provide live streaming prices and instead allowed brokers or clients to place an order which would be confirmed some time later, these were known as 'request for quote' based systems.
Trading systems evolved to allow for live streaming prices and near instant execution of orders as well as using the internet as the underlying network meaning that location became much less relevant. Some electronic trading platforms have built in scripting tools and even APIs allowing traders to develop automatic or algorithmic trading systems and robots, which have been used by high frequency traders.
The client graphical user interface of the electronic trading platforms can be used to trade currencies, equities, future, or options and are also sometimes called trading turrets (this may be true, but is probably a misues of the term, as trading turret refers to the specialized phone appliance used by traders).
[edit]Trading platform standards

The National Futures Association (NFA) in the US lists the following general standard requirements for forex electronic trading systems;[2]
Authentication (Passwords, Authentication Tokens such as secureID cards; or digital certificates)
Encryption
Transactions recording standard
Pricing and slippage standard

Indicators For Multicharts Daily Report 21st Aug 2012 S&P 500 Emini Futures



If you trade the S&P 500 Emini Futures, or trade the Nasdaq, Dow Jones, Rusell mini futures, or if you trade Forex and Crude Oil you need to check out www.sceeto.com for one of the worlds most advanced indicators. A no obligation Free Trial is availible.www.sceeto.com

Indicators For Multicharts Daily Report 21st Aug 2012 S&P 500 Emini Futures .For Free Signals For Trading Binary Options . Go To http://www.Binaryforecast.com .Signals are 100 % percent free. Please also check out probably the fastest and best real time indicators in the world. Go to http://www.sceeto.com . Why pay for Binary Options signals when you can get them for free. Also for indicators you can get a free trial at Sceeto. Sceeto has indicators for Ninja Trader as well as Tradestation and Sierra Charts.Whether you spread bet , trade Binary Options Futures or Forex you need to check out the free alerts and signals our real time software gives.Sceeto and BinaryForecast monitor order flow in the market and tells you when the big banks and brokers are buying or selling in real time. Win more of your trades using our great indicators and alerts as well as our signals.
Stop losing money on bad trades or when program tradhing and high frequency trading happens. Old technical anaylis is gone. The stock market moves fast and your old charts and indicators probably can not keep up.Get the best get Binaryforecast.com and Sceeto.com.  In conjunction with the order flow monitor alerts on screen as well as Macdaddy the middle indicator sudden moves are caught. Remember these indicators are real time indicators and some moves are caught before they happen as Momentum lags price and price lags order flow so once you can see the order flow you are already ahead of the game.You can get free signals by signing up for a free trial. These are perfect for trading binary options or spreadbetting or normal points based trading systems. Sceeto helps you win more trades plain and simple.You can get a free trial to Sceeto by visting http://www.sceeto.com. You can also monitor WIND free at http://www.binaryforecast.com and also get free live Binary trading signals.

Text Courtesy Of Wikipedia
MultiCharts is a Windows-based application which is designed, sold and distributed by MultiCharts, LLC. The company is based in Columbus, Ohio, in the United States. [1] MultiCharts is an automated trading platform and technical analysis software for analyzing the financial markets and performing trade execution. It uses a proprietary programming language called PowerLanguage.Retail foreign exchange trading is a small segment of the large foreign exchange market. In 2007 it had been speculated that volume from retail foreign exchange trading represents 5 percent of the whole foreign exchange market which amounts to $50–100 billion[1][2] in daily trading turnover. The retail foreign exchange market has been growing. In general retail customers are able to trade spot currencies. Due to the increasing tendency in the past years of the gradual shift from traditional intrabank 'paper' trading to the more advanced and accurate electronic trading, there has been spur in software development in this field. This change provided different types of trading platforms and tools intended for the use by banks, portfolio managers, retail brokers and retail traders.
One of the most important tools required to perform a foreign exchange transaction is the trading platform providing retail traders and brokers with accurate currency quotes.
Contents Since 1996, when retail foreign exchange trading was first introduced, several brokers who lacked the sufficient tools developed their own trading platforms tailored specifically to their needs. The 1st retail FX brokers were MG Forex, The Matchbook FX ECN, GFT, CMC Markets, Saxo Bank (then known as Midas) and a handful of others. Most except CMC, Saxo & Matchbook FX were based on the ACT foreign exchange trading technology and GUI. These platforms were good enough at the time but required constant investments in research and development and this development cost too much. This was the first wave.[citation needed]
The second wave was in the early 2000s: several software companies entered the retail foreign exchange trading market by launching their own versions of trading platforms, like Apbg Group, Ctn Systems and MetaTrader 4 from MetaQuotes Software which allowed the users to create their own trading indicators and automatic strategies. Typically these versions were cumbersome for both front-end users (retail traders) and back-end users (retail brokers) due to the misunderstanding of the developers about the foreign exchange market and also because of the insufficient programming tools/languages at the time. Simultaneously most of the retail brokers kept using and developing their own systems as they waited for better platforms which were yet to be developed.
It is only in the last couple of years that the advanced trading platforms started to emerge. Platforms like Multicharts and cTrader put much stronger emphasis on the user interface (GUI) making it more accessible to the retail traders while making trading on it very simple and intuitive.

Indicators For Multicharts Daily Report 21st Aug 2012 Russell TF Futures



If you trade the S&P 500 Emini Futures, or trade the Nasdaq, Dow Jones, Rusell mini futures, or if you trade Forex and Crude Oil you need to check out www.sceeto.com for one of the worlds most advanced indicators. A no obligation Free Trial is availible.www.sceeto.com

Indicators For Multicharts Daily Report 21st Aug 2012 Russell TF Futures .For Free Signals For Trading Binary Options . Go To http://www.Binaryforecast.com .Signals are 100 % percent free. Please also check out probably the fastest and best real time indicators in the world. Go to http://www.sceeto.com . Why pay for Binary Options signals when you can get them for free. Also for indicators you can get a free trial at Sceeto. Sceeto has indicators for Ninja Trader as well as Tradestation and Sierra Charts.Whether you spread bet , trade Binary Options Futures or Forex you need to check out the free alerts and signals our real time software gives.Sceeto and BinaryForecast monitor order flow in the market and tells you when the big banks and brokers are buying or selling in real time. Win more of your trades using our great indicators and alerts as well as our signals.
Stop losing money on bad trades or when program tradhing and high frequency trading happens. Old technical anaylis is gone. The stock market moves fast and your old charts and indicators probably can not keep up.Get the best get Binaryforecast.com and Sceeto.com.  In conjunction with the order flow monitor alerts on screen as well as Macdaddy the middle indicator sudden moves are caught. Remember these indicators are real time indicators and some moves are caught before they happen as Momentum lags price and price lags order flow so once you can see the order flow you are already ahead of the game.You can get free signals by signing up for a free trial. These are perfect for trading binary options or spreadbetting or normal points based trading systems. Sceeto helps you win more trades plain and simple.You can get a free trial to Sceeto by visting http://www.sceeto.com. You can also monitor WIND free at http://www.binaryforecast.com and also get free live Binary trading signals.




Text Courtesy Of Wikipedia
MultiCharts is a Windows-based application which is designed, sold and distributed by MultiCharts, LLC. The company is based in Columbus, Ohio, in the United States. [1] MultiCharts is an automated trading platform and technical analysis software for analyzing the financial markets and performing trade execution. It uses a proprietary programming language called PowerLanguage.After-hours trading is stock trading that occurs after the traditional trading hours of the major exchanges, such as the New York Stock Exchange and the Nasdaq Stock Market. Since 1985, the regular trading hours in the United States have been from 9:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time (ET).[1]


Example chart of extended hours trading, via Google Finance
Trading outside these regular hours is not a new phenomenon but previously was limited to high net-worth investors and institutional investors like mutual funds.[2] The emergence of private trading systems, known as electronic communication networks or ECNs, has allowed individual investors to participate in after-hours trading.
After-hours trading on a day with a normal session occurs from 4:00 to 8:00 p.m. ET.[3]
After-hours trading is frequently abbreviated on message boards as AH. That has led people to jokingly refer to after-hours trading as "amateur hour", as the people who trade during that time are mostly small retail traders and not institutional investors, and, barring material news, it frequently does not reflect how trading will be the next morning.[citation needed]
Trading also occurs before the traditional trading hours and is known as pre-market trading. Pre-market trading occurs from 7:00 to 9:30 a.m. ET.[4]
National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD) members who voluntarily entered quotations during the after-hours session are required to comply with all applicable limit order protection and display rules (e.g., the Manning rule and the SEC order handling rules).[5]
[edit]See also....In finance, an Electronic trading platform is a computer system that can be used to place orders for financial products over a network with a financial intermediary. This includes products such as shares, bonds, currencies, commodities and derivatives with a financial intermediary, such as a brokers, market makers, Investment banks or stock exchanges. Such platforms allow electronic trading to be carried out by users from any location and are in contrast to traditional floor trading using open outcry and telephone based trading.
Electronic trading platforms typically stream live market prices on which users can trade and may provide additional trading tools, such as charting packages, news feeds and account management functions. Some platforms have been specifically designed to allow individuals to gain access to financial markets that could traditionally only be accessed by specialist trading firms such as allowing margin trading on forex and derivatives such as contract for difference. They may also be designed to automatically trade specific strategies based on technical analysis or to do high-frequency trading.

Multicharts Daily Report 20th Aug 2012 S&P 500 Emini Futures



If you trade the S&P 500 Emini Futures, or trade the Nasdaq, Dow Jones, Rusell mini futures, or if you trade Forex and Crude Oil you need to check out www.sceeto.com for one of the worlds most advanced indicators. A no obligation Free Trial is availible.www.sceeto.com

Multicharts Daily Report 20th Aug 2012 S&P 500 Emini Futures.Free Binary Options Signals . http://www.sceeto.com http://www.binaryforecast.com Sceeto gave some great signals today. If you look at the bottom indicator Macdaddy because it's the Macdaddy of all indicators you'll see that it caught some great moves again today. Can you afford not to try Sceeto and Binary Forecast....free trial for sceeto http://sceeto.com and free demonstration / signals for trend suitable for binarys at http://www.binaryforecast.com
These signals are ideal for spreadbetting, or the normal points based or pips based system as well as trading Binary Options. They are real time signals and don't lag so a lot of time you'll know before the market moves in advance....because they are real time you'll always at least get the moves and signals as they happen and not after like most indicators give you signals afterwards.





text courtesy of Wikepedia Creative Commons
MultiCharts is a Windows-based application which is designed, sold and distributed by MultiCharts, LLC. The company is based in Columbus, Ohio, in the United States. [1] MultiCharts is an automated trading platform and technical analysis software for analyzing the financial markets and performing trade execution. It uses a proprietary programming language called PowerLanguage
Scanner
Scanners enable users to 'scan' the market, be it stocks, options, currencies etc., to identify investment opportunities that meet a user's specific investment criteria. Using a technical analysis scanner, a user could, for example, scan the market to identify oversold stocks that have stochastic and RSI value of less than 20% and 30 respectively.
[edit]Alerts
Alert software is used to monitor specific equities, such as stocks, options, currencies, warrants, etc., and provide a notification of when specific price, volume and technical analysis investment conditions are met. As an example, a person who uses technical analysis might want to be notified when the RSI indicator rises above 70, followed by the price falling below its 20 day moving average; using alerting software the user will be able to create an alert, which will provide a notification of when the technical analysis investment conditions are met. When alert conditions are met, a notification is typically communicated via an on screen pop up or sent as an email, instant message or text alert (to a mobile phone).
[edit]Custom indicators
Most technical analysis software includes a library of de-facto standard indicators (e.g. moving averages and MACD). Some software will also provide a mean to customize, combine or create new indicators. This is typically achieved with a proprietary scripting or graphical language.
[edit]Data feed
Technical analysis software is typically used with end of day (EOD), delayed or real time data feeds. EOD data feeds provide the end of day closing price for the given equity and is typically updated once a day at market close. Delayed data is typically delayed 15 to 30 minutes depending on the exchange and is the most commonly used data feed type.[citation needed] Real time data feeds provide tick by tick 'real time' data. Real time data is licensed on a per-exchange basis whereas delayed data is typically purchased on a regional basis, such as US markets, rather than an exchange basis.[citation needed]
[edit]Broker interface
Some technical analysis software can be integrated with brokerage platforms to enable traders to place trades via a user interface that they are familiar with. Typically these software providers try to differentiate themselves from the brokerage software through enhanced features such as automated trading.
[edit]Platforms

Technical analysis software is available in the form of commercial or open source software. Such software may be available on a computer, or on a mobile phone or personal digital assistant (PDA). Mobile phones and PDAs allow a user to access online technical analysis packages when away from their computer. However, packages that require the use of Java applets may not work on older model mobile phones or PDAs. Online technical analysis software packages provide access from any Internet-connected computer (including a suitably equipped mobile or PDA), but may require the user to store their information with the provider. Installed, downloaded software will only be available on the computers that the user has downloaded and installed it on.


Multicharts Daily Report 20th Aug 2012 Russell TF Futures



If you trade the S&P 500 Emini Futures, or trade the Nasdaq, Dow Jones, Rusell mini futures, or if you trade Forex and Crude Oil you need to check out www.sceeto.com for one of the worlds most advanced indicators. A no obligation Free Trial is availible.www.sceeto.com

Multicharts Daily Report 20th Aug 2012 Russell TF Futures.Free Binary Options Signals . http://www.sceeto.com http://www.binaryforecast.com Sceeto gave some great signals today. If you look at the bottom indicator Macdaddy because it's the Macdaddy of all indicators you'll see that it caught some great moves again today. Can you afford not to try Sceeto and Binary Forecast....free trial for sceeto http://sceeto.com and free demonstration / signals for trend suitable for binarys at http://www.binaryforecast.com
These signals are ideal for spreadbetting, or the normal points based or pips based system as well as trading Binary Options. They are real time signals and don't lag so a lot of time you'll know before the market moves in advance....because they are real time you'll always at least get the moves and signals as they happen and not after like most indicators give you signals afterwards.



text courtesy of Wikepedia Creative Commons
MultiCharts is a Windows-based application which is designed, sold and distributed by MultiCharts, LLC. The company is based in Columbus, Ohio, in the United States. [1] MultiCharts is an automated trading platform and technical analysis software for analyzing the financial markets and performing trade execution. It uses a proprietary programming language called Power Language.
The following are the most common features of technical analysis applications. Some software may focus on only one aspect (say back testing) and the combination of more than one software package is often required to build a fully automated trading system.
[edit]Charting
A graphical interface that presents price, volume and technical analysis indicators through a variety of visual interfaces such as line, bar, candlestick and open-high-low-close (OHLC) charts. The chart data is presented as a time series and users typically have the ability to view historical data with varying interval (sampling) periods. Interval periods range from seconds through to months; short term traders tend to use frequent interval periods, such as 1 minute i.e. the price data is updated every 1 minute, whereas longer term traders tend to use daily, weekly or monthly interval periods when trying to identify price and technical analysis trends. Some charting packages enable users to draw support and resistance trend line or for example Fibonacci retracements to help establish trending patterns.
[edit]Back testing
Enables traders to test technical analysis investment timing strategies against historical price movement for one or more specific securities. Strategies are compared to each other using diverse performance measurements such as maximum drawdown, annual profit and Sharpe ratio. The objective is to try and develop a trading strategy based on technical analysis indicator criteria, which will generate a positive return. This concept was computerized and introduced to traders by Louis B. Mendelsohn in 1983 with his ProfitTaker Futures Trading Software (see August 2010 issue of Stocks, Futures & Options Magazine).
[edit]Optimization
A process of testing technical analysis indicator parameters, with the view to developing an investment strategy that generates the maximum return based on historical price movement. The optimization process is achieved through the fine-tuning of the associated technical analysis charting parameters. Typically technical analysis indicators have a range of parameters that can be adjusted, such as the interval period and the technical analysis indicator variables. For example the stochastic indicator has four parameters that effect its results: %k, %d, slowing period, interval period. Optimization must be performed carefully to avoid curve fitting. Back testing of an over-optimized system will perform real-time. One way to diminish over-optimization is by carrying out optimization on historical data and then performing future testing (sometimes referred to as 'out of sample') before making a final evaluation of a trading strategy.
[edit]Scanner
Scanners enable users to 'scan' the market, be it stocks, options, currencies etc., to identify investment opportunities that meet a user's specific investment criteria. Using a technical analysis scanner, a user could, for example, scan the market to identify oversold stocks that have stochastic and RSI value of less than 20% and 30 respectively.

Multicharts Daily Report 20th Aug 2012 Forex Euro USD 6E Futures



If you trade the S&P 500 Emini Futures, or trade the Nasdaq, Dow Jones, Rusell mini futures, or if you trade Forex and Crude Oil you need to check out www.sceeto.com for one of the worlds most advanced indicators. A no obligation Free Trial is availible.www.sceeto.com

Multicharts Daily Report 20th Aug 2012 Forex Euro USD 6E Futures.Free Binary Options Signals . http://www.sceeto.com http://www.binaryforecast.com Sceeto gave some great signals today. If you look at the bottom indicator Macdaddy because it's the Macdaddy of all indicators you'll see that it caught some great moves again today. Can you afford not to try Sceeto and Binary Forecast....free trial for sceeto http://sceeto.com and free demonstration / signals for trend suitable for binarys at http://www.binaryforecast.com
These signals are ideal for spreadbetting, or the normal points based or pips based system as well as trading Binary Options. They are real time signals and don't lag so a lot of time you'll know before the market moves in advance....because they are real time you'll always at least get the moves and signals as they happen and not after like most indicators give you signals afterwards.





text courtesy of Wikepedia Creative Commons
MultiCharts is a Windows-based application which is designed, sold and distributed by MultiCharts, LLC. The company is based in Columbus, Ohio, in the United States. [1] MultiCharts is an automated trading platform and technical analysis software for analyzing the financial markets and performing trade execution. It uses a proprietary programming language called Power Language
Market Scanner
A Market Scanner is a feature also known as a "screener", "radar screen", or “quote board” in other trading software. A scanner is an Excel-like table consisting of many cells that simultaneously display real-time streaming quotes, prices and other market information.
MultiCharts describe their Real-Time Market Scanner as being useful for monitoring, researching, and organizing the stock symbols the user is interested in. Where a single chart gives the user details about one stock symbol, the scanner feature enables the user to view opportunities among many symbols.
[edit]Third Party Add-ons

A large number of third-party developers sell add-on extensions for MultiCharts. Since MultiCharts is a development platform, a custom script can be written, called a trading system or trading strategy. If a trader has an idea that needs to be developed, he/she can either write his/her own strategy in PowerLanguage or have his trading system developed by third-party developers.
[edit]Versions

The latest version of the software is 8.0, Build 5622.401 [6].
[edit]Release History
MultiCharts64 8.0 (June 19, 2012)
MultiCharts 8.0 (June 19, 2012)
MultiCharts 7.4 (January 11, 2012)
MultiCharts 6.01 (August 9, 2010)
MultiCharts 5.5 (September 10, 2009)
MultiCharts 5.0 Gold (May 23, 2009)
MultiCharts 4.0 (October 22, 2008)
MultiCharts 3.1 (June 25, 2008)
MultiCharts 3.0 (April 15, 2008)
MultiCharts 2.1 (September 18, 2007)
MultiCharts 2.0 (February 18, 2007)
MultiCharts 1.9 (March 11, 2006)
MultiCharts 1.8 (November 15, 2005)
MultiCharts 1.7 (September 16, 2005)
MultiCharts 1.6 build 50328 (June 28, 2005)
MultiCharts 1.5 build 50309 (May 9, 2005)
MultiCharts 1.1 build 40713 (July 13, 2004)
Complete release history along with details for each release can be found here[3]
[edit]Recognition, Reviews & Awards

The MultiCharts platform has received recognition from the following third party industry participants:
[edit]Trade2Win Members Choice Awards
In the period spanning from 2008 to 2011 the program has received several awards from the Trade2Win online discussion forum community, including “Best Professional Trading Platform and “Best Software for US Intra-Day Traders”. [7] [8]
[edit]Technical Analysis of Stocks & Commodities
Independent reviews of the MultiCharts platform were included in the Technical Analysis of Stocks & Commodities magazine on the following edition:
[edit]September 2010 citation
"MultiCharts is highly flexible trading software designed to let you have choices. This is without doubt the most robust software when it comes to interfacing with datafeeds. MultiCharts is price competitive and definitely one you ought to consider when looking at trading platforms."
[edit]May 2008 citation
"My experiences with MultiCharts have been very favorable, and it's no different with this new and improved version. After seeing the portfolio backtesting features at work, I have to reiterate that the developers put a lot of thought into this product."
[edit]Traders Magazine
Independent reviews of the MultiCharts platform were included in the Traders' magazine on the following edition: "In the modern age of electronic trading, every person who wants to become a trader needs appropriate tools to collect market data, analyse that data and place orders. A new trader has a difficult choice – there are literally hundreds of trading schools, third-party indicators and trading platforms on the market. This article will focus on MultiCharts, a well-established trading platform, but one which remains relatively unknown to mainstream traders.